Gordon Setter
Scotland's black and tan setter, loyal and determined
Breed Origins
The Gordon Setter originated in Scotland in the early 1600s. The breed was developed and refined at Gordon Castle by Alexander, the 4th Duke of Gordon, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. The Duke's systematic breeding program produced exceptional hunting dogs known for their stamina, scenting ability, and loyalty.
The foundation stock likely included various setting spaniels, possibly crossed with Bloodhounds for scenting ability and Collies for intelligence and trainability. The resulting dogs were heavier and more substantial than other setters, built for the rugged Scottish Highlands terrain and harsh weather.
The breed was imported to America in 1842 by Daniel Webster and George Blunt. The AKC recognized the Gordon Setter in 1884. While never as popular as English or Irish Setters, Gordons have maintained a devoted following among hunters who appreciate their loyalty and determined hunting style.
Development as a Hunting Dog
The Gordon Setter was developed to find and point game birds in the challenging terrain of the Scottish Highlands. The Duke of Gordon emphasized dogs that could work all day in rough country, maintain concentration, and return consistently to their handler—traits that remain hallmarks of the breed.
Unlike flashier setters that might range far afield, Gordons were bred to hunt methodically at moderate range, staying in contact with their handler. This "one-man dog" quality made them ideal for the Scottish sportsman hunting alone or with minimal assistance.
The breed's heavier build and stamina made them capable of hunting from dawn to dusk in challenging conditions. While they may not cover ground as quickly as lighter setters, their persistence and reliable pointing make them effective hunting companions.
Historical Timeline
Black and tan setters documented in Scotland
Duke of Gordon dies; kennel dispersed
First Gordon Setters imported to America
AKC grants breed recognition
Physical Characteristics
Size
Males: 24-27 inches at shoulder, 55-80 lbs. Females: 23-26 inches, 45-70 lbs. The largest and most substantial of the setter breeds.
Coat
Soft, shiny coat that is straight or slightly wavy. Longer feathering on ears, chest, belly, backs of legs, and tail. The coat provides protection from brush and weather.
Colors
Black with tan markings—always. The tan appears above the eyes, on muzzle, throat, chest, legs, and under the tail. The distinctive coloring is called "black and tan."
Build
Strong, substantial build with good bone. More powerful and less refined than other setters. Deep chest, muscular hindquarters, and sturdy legs built for endurance.
Breed Standard Highlights
- Head: Deep rather than broad; longer muzzle than skull
- Expression: Wise, dignified, intelligent; dark brown eyes
- Ears: Set low, lying close to head; thin leather with silky feathering
- Tail: Short (not reaching hock); carried horizontal or slightly below
- Movement: Bold, free gait with good drive; powerful and effortless
The Black and Tan Pattern
The Gordon's distinctive coloring serves practical purposes. The rich mahogany tan markings are always present in specific locations, while the jet black coat is easier to spot in the field than the mottled patterns of other setters.
Personality
The Gordon Setter is known as a "one-person" or "one-family" dog. They form intensely loyal bonds with their owners and can be reserved or aloof with strangers. This devoted nature made them favorites among Scottish sportsmen who valued a dog that focused entirely on its master.
Gordons are intelligent, confident dogs with a dignified demeanor. They think independently and can be stubborn, but they're eager to please their chosen people. Their determination in the field—unwilling to give up on a bird—reflects their overall persistence.
While affectionate with family, Gordons mature slowly and may act puppy-like for several years. They're generally calm indoors once past their exuberant youth, making them good house dogs despite their size.
Family Compatibility
Gordons can be excellent family dogs for those who understand their loyal nature. They're typically good with children they're raised with, though their size and exuberance require supervision around small children. Their protective instincts make them reliable watchdogs.
The breed's reserved nature with strangers means early socialization is important. Without proper exposure, some Gordons can become overly shy or suspicious. With their family, they're loving and devoted companions.
Good with family children; supervision advised
Generally good; males may be dog-aggressive
Needs space and exercise; calm indoors when mature
Training Approach
Gordon Setters are intelligent but independent thinkers. They learn quickly but may decide to do things their own way. Training requires patience, consistency, and a sense of humor—harsh methods are counterproductive and can damage the bond between dog and handler.
The breed responds best to positive reinforcement and fair treatment. A Gordon needs to understand the reason for commands and will often refuse arbitrary requests. Building a strong relationship based on mutual respect is essential for successful training.
Early socialization is particularly important for this breed. Exposure to various people, places, and situations helps prevent the natural reserve from becoming problematic shyness or suspicion.
Field Training
Gordon Setters mature more slowly than other pointing breeds, often not reaching full hunting potential until 3-4 years of age. Patient owners are rewarded with reliable, determined hunting partners.
Early Introduction (8-16 weeks)
Expose to birds and encourage natural instincts without pressure.
Foundation Building (6-18 months)
Develop hunting desire and basic obedience. Don't rush formal training.
Formal Training (18-36 months)
Steadiness, backing, and more advanced work as maturity develops.
Finished Dog (3+ years)
Fully mature Gordons are reliable, persistent hunters that improve with age.
Common Health Issues
Gordon Setters are generally healthy dogs, but their relatively small gene pool means certain conditions occur with higher frequency. Responsible breeding with health testing has helped reduce the incidence of hereditary issues.
Hip Dysplasia
Higher incidence than some breeds. OFA evaluation essential for breeding dogs.
Bloat (GDV)
Deep-chested breeds are at elevated risk. Know the symptoms and prevention strategies.
Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)
Eye disease causing vision loss. DNA testing available.
Hypothyroidism
Can occur with age. Regular thyroid testing recommended.
Lifespan & Genetics
Gordon Setters typically live 12-13 years. With good care and health testing in breeding, many enjoy healthy lives into their teens.
Recommended Health Tests
- • Hip evaluation (OFA)
- • Elbow evaluation
- • Ophthalmologist evaluation
- • PRA DNA test (rcd4-PRA)
- • Thyroid evaluation
Bloat Prevention
As a deep-chested breed, Gordons are susceptible to bloat. Feed multiple smaller meals rather than one large meal, avoid exercise immediately after eating, and know the symptoms of GDV. Some owners opt for prophylactic gastropexy.
Hunting Style
The Gordon Setter hunts with determination and persistence. They work at closer range than other setters, typically staying within 50-150 yards of their handler. This makes them ideal for hunters on foot who prefer a dog that maintains contact.
Their hunting style emphasizes thoroughness over speed. A Gordon will methodically work cover, using their excellent nose to locate birds that other dogs might miss. Once on point, they hold solidly, giving the hunter time to approach.
The breed's stamina allows all-day hunting despite their heavier build. They're built for endurance rather than sprints, making them excellent choices for hunters who cover rough terrain at a steady pace.
Best Game & Terrain
Primary Game Birds
Ideal Terrain
- • Hilly or mountainous terrain
- • Dense forest and thick cover
- • Rugged, challenging conditions
- • Cold-weather hunting
- • Areas requiring close-working dog
The Close-Working Setter
Where English Pointers and fast setters excel on open prairies, the Gordon is the setter for heavy timber and rough country. Their methodical style and desire to stay in contact make them favorites among grouse hunters in dense northeastern forests.
All-Day Endurance
The Gordon's substantial build and Scottish Highland heritage mean they can hunt from dawn to dusk. They may not cover as much ground as lighter setters, but they'll still be going strong when the day ends.
Exercise Needs
Gordon Setters have moderate to high exercise requirements. They need regular physical activity but are typically calmer than other setters, especially as they mature.
Exercise Level
1-2 hours daily; can be walks or field work
• Daily walks or hikes
• Off-leash running in safe areas
• Field training and hunting
• Mental stimulation through training
• Calm activities like swimming
Note: Young Gordons (under 2-3 years) can be quite energetic and need more exercise. They typically settle significantly with maturity.
Grooming & Nutrition
Grooming Requirements
The Gordon's coat needs regular attention:
- • Brush thoroughly 2-3 times per week
- • Check for mats in feathering
- • Clean ears weekly
- • Trim feet and feathering as needed
- • The black coat shows debris—clean after hunting
- • Professional grooming can help maintain coat
Nutrition
Feed for the Gordon's larger frame:
- • High-quality dog food for large breeds
- • 2-3 cups daily, split into 2-3 meals (bloat prevention)
- • Avoid exercise before and after meals
- • Monitor weight—Gordons can become overweight
- • Increase calories during hunting season
Finding a Breeder
Gordon Setters are less common than other setters, so finding a quality breeder may require patience. For hunting dogs, seek breeders who hunt with their dogs and emphasize field ability rather than show conformation.
The Gordon Setter Club of America maintains breeder referrals and can connect you with reputable sources. Look for breeders who health test their dogs and can provide references from previous puppy buyers.
Be prepared to wait for a well-bred puppy. Quality Gordon breeders are selective about placements and may have waiting lists. A good breeder will ask about your hunting plans and lifestyle to ensure a good match.
What to Look For
- Health clearances (hips, elbows, eyes, PRA)
- Hunting ability in parents/grandparents
- Sound temperament—confident, not shy
- Breeder's willingness to mentor new owners
- Health guarantee and return policy
Rescue Options
The Gordon Setter Club of America coordinates breed rescue. Adult Gordons can make excellent companions for those willing to work with an older dog. Rescue dogs may come with hunting experience.
Expected Costs
Gordon Setter puppies typically range from $1,000-$2,000. Puppies from proven hunting lines or exceptional pedigrees may cost more. Be cautious of unusually low prices.
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