Field Spaniel
Rare spaniel breed, docile yet determined in the field
History & Origins
Origins in Victorian England
The Field Spaniel was developed in England during the mid-19th century, created from the same stock that produced the English Cocker Spaniel. The two breeds were essentially the same until 1892, when the Kennel Club separated spaniels by weight - under 25 pounds became Cockers, over 25 pounds became Field Spaniels.
Initially, Field Spaniels were respected working dogs, prized for their ability to flush game in the field. They were particularly valued for their methodical hunting style and soft mouths for retrieving.
Near Extinction
The breed nearly went extinct due to Victorian-era show ring excesses. Breeders, seeking to create a distinctive appearance, bred for an extremely long, low body and heavy bone. These exaggerated dogs became caricatures of spaniels - unable to work in the field and plagued with health problems.
By the early 20th century, the Field Spaniel had lost favor entirely. The breed became so rare that by the 1950s, only a handful remained in England, and the breed was unknown in America.
Dedicated breeders in England worked to restore the Field Spaniel to a functional type, outcrossing to English Springer Spaniels and other breeds to eliminate the exaggerated characteristics. This restoration took decades but eventually produced the balanced, working-type Field Spaniel we know today.
One of the Rarest Sporting Breeds
Today, the Field Spaniel remains one of the rarest AKC breeds, with only a few hundred puppies registered annually in the United States. This rarity makes finding a puppy challenging but also means breeders tend to be dedicated enthusiasts committed to preserving the breed's health and working ability.
Physical Characteristics
Size Standards
- Height: 17-18 inches (both sexes)
- Weight: 35-50 pounds
- Build: Well-balanced, moderate length
- Proportion: Noble, upstanding appearance
Coat & Colors
- Type: Single coat, dense, silky, flat or wavy
- Feathering: Moderate on chest, belly, legs
- Colors: Black, liver, golden liver, roan
- Markings: Tan points or white markings acceptable
Distinguishing Features
Head & Expression
- • Long, lean head with moderate stop
- • Almond-shaped eyes, dark hazel to brown
- • Low-set, moderately long ears
- • Grave, gentle expression
- • Scissors bite preferred
Body & Movement
- • Level topline
- • Deep chest, well-sprung ribs
- • Strong, muscular hindquarters
- • Docked or natural tail
- • Long, effortless stride
Between Cocker and Springer
The Field Spaniel sits between the English Cocker and English Springer Spaniel in size and type. They're larger and longer-legged than Cockers but more compact than Springers. Their moderate build makes them versatile workers capable of handling various cover types without the extremes of either related breed.
Temperament & Personality
The Docile Hunter
Field Spaniels are known for their unusually docile, even temperament. They're calmer than most spaniels while still possessing good hunting instincts. This combination makes them excellent house dogs who can transition smoothly from the field to the family room.
The breed tends to be sensitive and forms strong bonds with their owners. They're not as outgoing with strangers as some spaniels but warm up once they feel comfortable. Field Spaniels often have a dignified, almost noble bearing that sets them apart.
Positive Traits
- Calm, gentle house dog
- Good with children and other dogs
- Intelligent and trainable
- Loyal and devoted to family
- Less hyperactive than other spaniels
Considerations
- Can be reserved with strangers
- Sensitive to harsh training methods
- May be slow to mature
- Need socialization to prevent timidity
- May not tolerate rough handling
Sensitive Nature
Field Spaniels are notably sensitive dogs. They respond best to patient, positive training and can shut down if corrected harshly. They're intuitive about their owner's moods and thrive in calm, stable households. Early socialization is important to prevent them from becoming overly shy or anxious.
Training & Development
Training Philosophy
Field Spaniels require a gentle, patient approach to training. They're intelligent and willing to please but can be easily discouraged by harsh methods. Building trust and confidence through positive reinforcement is essential for success.
The breed tends to mature slowly, both mentally and physically. Training timelines may need to be extended compared to other spaniels. Pushing a Field Spaniel too fast can create anxiety and setbacks.
Puppy Foundation (8-16 weeks)
- • Extensive, gentle socialization
- • Building confidence in new situations
- • Positive introduction to birds and scent
- • Basic obedience through games
- • Encouraging natural curiosity
Basic Training (4-10 months)
- • Force-free retrieve development
- • Gradual introduction to gunfire
- • Building enthusiasm for hunting
- • Basic quartering introduction
- • Water introduction (if interested)
Advanced Training (10-24 months)
- • Steady to flush - gentle approach
- • Developing hunting pattern
- • Controlled hunting exposure
- • Building endurance gradually
- • Polishing skills at the dog's pace
The Patient Approach
Field Spaniels often don't fully mature until 2-3 years of age. Hunters used to faster-developing breeds may find this pace frustrating. However, those who take the time to develop a Field Spaniel properly are rewarded with a loyal, capable hunting companion who works cooperatively rather than independently.
Health & Genetics
Health Overview
Modern Field Spaniels are generally healthy dogs, having largely overcome the health problems that plagued the exaggerated Victorian dogs. The small gene pool remains a concern, making health testing and careful breeding especially important.
Health Conditions to Screen For
Hip Dysplasia
Malformation of hip joint. Parents should be OFA or PennHIP evaluated.
Eye Conditions
Including PRA, cataracts, and ectropion. Annual eye exams recommended.
Thyroid Disease
Hypothyroidism occurs in the breed. Thyroid testing recommended.
Cardiac Issues
Heart conditions occur occasionally. Cardiac evaluation recommended.
Ear Infections
Long ears require regular attention to prevent infections.
Small Gene Pool Considerations
With fewer than 200 puppies registered annually in the US, the Field Spaniel gene pool is extremely limited. Responsible breeders use coefficient of inbreeding (COI) calculations to minimize inbreeding and may import dogs from other countries to increase genetic diversity. Ask breeders about their breeding strategies.
Hunting Applications
The Methodical Flusher
Field Spaniels were developed as upland flushing dogs, and the modern breed retains good hunting instincts when properly trained. They work at a moderate pace, thoroughly covering ground rather than racing through cover.
Their hunting style is often described as methodical and systematic. They use their noses intelligently, working scent carefully rather than just covering ground. This style suits hunters who prefer a close-working, cooperative dog.
Suitable Game
- Pheasants: Good for flushing and retrieving
- Woodcock: Well-suited to cover work
- Grouse: Effective in thick cover
- Quail: Capable upland performer
Hunting Characteristics
- Methodical, thorough ground coverage
- Good nose and scenting ability
- Soft mouth for tender retrieves
- Works cooperatively with handler
Working Style
Field Spaniels typically work at a moderate pace within gun range. They lack the flash and drive of English Springer Spaniels but make up for it with thoroughness. Their calm temperament means they tend to be steadier and less likely to develop control problems.
The breed's moderate energy level means they can hunt all day without burning out, though they may not have the explosive energy for high-volume shooting situations. They're better suited to recreational hunting than competitive field trials.
Water Work
Field Spaniels vary in their enthusiasm for water. Some love to swim and retrieve from water, while others are more reluctant. Unlike breeds specifically developed for water work, Field Spaniels should be introduced to water gradually and positively. Don't expect every Field Spaniel to be a natural water dog.
Care & Maintenance
Exercise Requirements
- 45-60 minutes daily exercise
- Moderate energy - not hyperactive
- Enjoys walks and off-leash running
- Mental stimulation through training
Grooming Needs
- Brush 2-3 times weekly
- Professional trim every 6-8 weeks
- Weekly ear cleaning essential
- Check feet for matting and debris
Living Requirements
Field Spaniels make excellent house dogs. Their moderate energy level and calm temperament mean they adapt well to various living situations. They want to be with their family and do best when included in daily activities.
Ideal Environment
- • Calm household - not overly chaotic
- • Patient owners who enjoy training
- • Regular but not excessive exercise
- • Time for companionship and bonding
- • Secure yard or regular off-leash opportunities
Coat Maintenance
The Field Spaniel's single coat is easier to maintain than double-coated breeds. However, their feathering will collect burrs and debris during hunting. Many hunters trim the feathering shorter for easier maintenance. Regular brushing prevents mats from forming, especially around the ears and legs.
Finding Your Field Spaniel
The Challenge of Rarity
Field Spaniels are among the rarest AKC breeds, with fewer than 200 puppies registered annually in the United States. Finding a puppy requires patience - waiting lists of a year or more are common. The good news is that most Field Spaniel breeders are dedicated enthusiasts committed to the breed's welfare.
Because the breeding pool is so small, breeders often know each other and can provide referrals. If one breeder doesn't have puppies available, they can often direct you to others who might.
Breeder Questions
- Complete health testing documentation?
- COI (coefficient of inbreeding) of litter?
- Do dogs have hunting or other titles?
- Temperament of parents?
- Support after purchase?
Red Flags
- No health testing or COI information
- Puppies always available (rare breed!)
- Not involved with breed club
- Breeding for unusual colors
- No questions about your home/lifestyle
Resources
- Field Spaniel Society of America: Breed club with breeder referrals
- AKC Marketplace: AKC-registered breeders
- Field Spaniel Rescue: Occasionally has dogs available
Price & Availability
Field Spaniel puppies typically cost $1,500-$2,500 from responsible breeders. Expect waiting lists of 6 months to 2 years. Due to the breed's rarity, you may need to travel or arrange shipping. Consider contacting breeders early and building a relationship before a litter is even planned.
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