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History & Origins

Origins in Victorian England

The Field Spaniel was developed in England during the mid-19th century, created from the same stock that produced the English Cocker Spaniel. The two breeds were essentially the same until 1892, when the Kennel Club separated spaniels by weight - under 25 pounds became Cockers, over 25 pounds became Field Spaniels.

Initially, Field Spaniels were respected working dogs, prized for their ability to flush game in the field. They were particularly valued for their methodical hunting style and soft mouths for retrieving.

Near Extinction

The breed nearly went extinct due to Victorian-era show ring excesses. Breeders, seeking to create a distinctive appearance, bred for an extremely long, low body and heavy bone. These exaggerated dogs became caricatures of spaniels - unable to work in the field and plagued with health problems.

By the early 20th century, the Field Spaniel had lost favor entirely. The breed became so rare that by the 1950s, only a handful remained in England, and the breed was unknown in America.

Dedicated breeders in England worked to restore the Field Spaniel to a functional type, outcrossing to English Springer Spaniels and other breeds to eliminate the exaggerated characteristics. This restoration took decades but eventually produced the balanced, working-type Field Spaniel we know today.

One of the Rarest Sporting Breeds

Today, the Field Spaniel remains one of the rarest AKC breeds, with only a few hundred puppies registered annually in the United States. This rarity makes finding a puppy challenging but also means breeders tend to be dedicated enthusiasts committed to preserving the breed's health and working ability.

Physical Characteristics

Size Standards

Height: 17-18 inches (both sexes)
Weight: 35-50 pounds
Build: Well-balanced, moderate length
Proportion: Noble, upstanding appearance

Coat & Colors

Type: Single coat, dense, silky, flat or wavy
Feathering: Moderate on chest, belly, legs
Colors: Black, liver, golden liver, roan
Markings: Tan points or white markings acceptable

Distinguishing Features

Head & Expression

• Long, lean head with moderate stop
• Almond-shaped eyes, dark hazel to brown
• Low-set, moderately long ears
• Grave, gentle expression
• Scissors bite preferred

Body & Movement

• Level topline
• Deep chest, well-sprung ribs
• Strong, muscular hindquarters
• Docked or natural tail
• Long, effortless stride

Between Cocker and Springer

The Field Spaniel sits between the English Cocker and English Springer Spaniel in size and type. They're larger and longer-legged than Cockers but more compact than Springers. Their moderate build makes them versatile workers capable of handling various cover types without the extremes of either related breed.

Temperament & Personality

The Docile Hunter

Field Spaniels are known for their unusually docile, even temperament. They're calmer than most spaniels while still possessing good hunting instincts. This combination makes them excellent house dogs who can transition smoothly from the field to the family room.

The breed tends to be sensitive and forms strong bonds with their owners. They're not as outgoing with strangers as some spaniels but warm up once they feel comfortable. Field Spaniels often have a dignified, almost noble bearing that sets them apart.

Positive Traits

Calm, gentle house dog
Good with children and other dogs
Intelligent and trainable
Loyal and devoted to family
Less hyperactive than other spaniels

Considerations

Can be reserved with strangers
Sensitive to harsh training methods
May be slow to mature
Need socialization to prevent timidity
May not tolerate rough handling

Sensitive Nature

Field Spaniels are notably sensitive dogs. They respond best to patient, positive training and can shut down if corrected harshly. They're intuitive about their owner's moods and thrive in calm, stable households. Early socialization is important to prevent them from becoming overly shy or anxious.

Training & Development

Training Philosophy

Field Spaniels require a gentle, patient approach to training. They're intelligent and willing to please but can be easily discouraged by harsh methods. Building trust and confidence through positive reinforcement is essential for success.

The breed tends to mature slowly, both mentally and physically. Training timelines may need to be extended compared to other spaniels. Pushing a Field Spaniel too fast can create anxiety and setbacks.

Puppy Foundation (8-16 weeks)

• Extensive, gentle socialization
• Building confidence in new situations
• Positive introduction to birds and scent
• Basic obedience through games
• Encouraging natural curiosity

Basic Training (4-10 months)

• Force-free retrieve development
• Gradual introduction to gunfire
• Building enthusiasm for hunting
• Basic quartering introduction
• Water introduction (if interested)

Advanced Training (10-24 months)

• Steady to flush - gentle approach
• Developing hunting pattern
• Controlled hunting exposure
• Building endurance gradually
• Polishing skills at the dog's pace

The Patient Approach

Field Spaniels often don't fully mature until 2-3 years of age. Hunters used to faster-developing breeds may find this pace frustrating. However, those who take the time to develop a Field Spaniel properly are rewarded with a loyal, capable hunting companion who works cooperatively rather than independently.

Health & Genetics

Health Overview

Modern Field Spaniels are generally healthy dogs, having largely overcome the health problems that plagued the exaggerated Victorian dogs. The small gene pool remains a concern, making health testing and careful breeding especially important.

12-13

Years Average Lifespan

Good

Overall Health

4+

Recommended Tests

Health Conditions to Screen For

Hip Dysplasia

Malformation of hip joint. Parents should be OFA or PennHIP evaluated.

Eye Conditions

Including PRA, cataracts, and ectropion. Annual eye exams recommended.

Thyroid Disease

Hypothyroidism occurs in the breed. Thyroid testing recommended.

Cardiac Issues

Heart conditions occur occasionally. Cardiac evaluation recommended.

Ear Infections

Long ears require regular attention to prevent infections.

Small Gene Pool Considerations

With fewer than 200 puppies registered annually in the US, the Field Spaniel gene pool is extremely limited. Responsible breeders use coefficient of inbreeding (COI) calculations to minimize inbreeding and may import dogs from other countries to increase genetic diversity. Ask breeders about their breeding strategies.

Hunting Applications

The Methodical Flusher

Field Spaniels were developed as upland flushing dogs, and the modern breed retains good hunting instincts when properly trained. They work at a moderate pace, thoroughly covering ground rather than racing through cover.

Their hunting style is often described as methodical and systematic. They use their noses intelligently, working scent carefully rather than just covering ground. This style suits hunters who prefer a close-working, cooperative dog.

Suitable Game

Pheasants: Good for flushing and retrieving
Woodcock: Well-suited to cover work
Grouse: Effective in thick cover
Quail: Capable upland performer

Hunting Characteristics

Methodical, thorough ground coverage
Good nose and scenting ability
Soft mouth for tender retrieves
Works cooperatively with handler

Working Style

Field Spaniels typically work at a moderate pace within gun range. They lack the flash and drive of English Springer Spaniels but make up for it with thoroughness. Their calm temperament means they tend to be steadier and less likely to develop control problems.

The breed's moderate energy level means they can hunt all day without burning out, though they may not have the explosive energy for high-volume shooting situations. They're better suited to recreational hunting than competitive field trials.

Water Work

Field Spaniels vary in their enthusiasm for water. Some love to swim and retrieve from water, while others are more reluctant. Unlike breeds specifically developed for water work, Field Spaniels should be introduced to water gradually and positively. Don't expect every Field Spaniel to be a natural water dog.

Care & Maintenance

Exercise Requirements

45-60 minutes daily exercise
Moderate energy - not hyperactive
Enjoys walks and off-leash running
Mental stimulation through training

Grooming Needs

Brush 2-3 times weekly
Professional trim every 6-8 weeks
Weekly ear cleaning essential
Check feet for matting and debris

Living Requirements

Field Spaniels make excellent house dogs. Their moderate energy level and calm temperament mean they adapt well to various living situations. They want to be with their family and do best when included in daily activities.

Ideal Environment

• Calm household - not overly chaotic
• Patient owners who enjoy training
• Regular but not excessive exercise
• Time for companionship and bonding
• Secure yard or regular off-leash opportunities

Coat Maintenance

The Field Spaniel's single coat is easier to maintain than double-coated breeds. However, their feathering will collect burrs and debris during hunting. Many hunters trim the feathering shorter for easier maintenance. Regular brushing prevents mats from forming, especially around the ears and legs.

Field Spaniel